JavaScript Hoisting

Hoisting is JavaScript's default behavior during the compilation of moving declarations to the top of their scope before execution.

What exactly gets hoisted?

✔ 1. Variable declarations

• var → hoisted and initialized with undefined
• let & const → hoisted but not initialized (Temporal Dead Zone)

✔ 2. Function declarations

• Fully hoisted (you can call them before declaration)

✔ 3. Class declarations

• Hoisted but behave like let/const (TDZ applies)

Important: Only the declaration is hoisted, not the initialization